The Effects Of Abstinence Based Programs On Actual...

Additional research has explored the effects of abstinence based programs on actual behavior outcomes. Kohler, Manhart, and Lafferty (2008) compared the effects of abstinence-only and comprehensive sex education programs, operationalizing effectiveness in terms of initiation of sexual activity and teen pregnancy rates. They found that teenagers who received comprehensive sex education rather than abstinence-only or no education were significantly less likely to report a teenage pregnancy. In addition, their conclusions mirrored Sather and Kelly (2002), finding that abstinence-based programs did not reduce the likelihood of engaging in sexual activity. Kohler, Manhart, and Lafferty (2008) actually concluded that comprehensive sex education was more likely than abstinence based to reduce the percentage engaging in sexual activity. Overall, the researchers showed that comprehensive sex education, including but not limited to contraception, did not increase the prevalence of sexual activ ity in teenagers or the risk of teen pregnancy, while also showing the that abstinence only education produced a higher likelihood of pregnancy. These results have been corroborated in numerous studies: Santelli et al (2006), Ott and Santelli (2007), Kirby (2008), Haberland and Rogow (2015), etc. Additionally many studies have taken a large scale approach, looking at trends across the United States. Stanger-Hall and Hall (2011) investigated the change in teen pregnancy rates as statesShow MoreRelatedShould Sex Education Be Taught?2918 Words   |  12 Pagesback to my high school years, were we taught the right information? What type of sex education should be taught to decrease the numbers of teenage pregnancy? In my opinion students need to get taught the comprehensive sex education program. This is a program where abstinence is taught that it is the best way to avoid pregnancy and STI’s but students are taught ways of contraception and condoms to prevent the pregnancy and STI’s is they do decide to become sexually active. When I went onto the CentersRead MoreLgbt Substance Abuse Treatment Best Practices2822 Words   |  12 Pagesapparent by the lack of concrete evidence for particular models of treatment when working with the LGBT community as a whole. Due to the lack of LGBT specific treatment evidence based outcomes, the search focused on comparisons of outcomes between LGBT and heterosexual participants in treatment programs, gay affirming program outcomes, risk assessment for substance abuse and LGBT identified individuals, and whether or not specialized services do exist for LGBT individuals who seek treatment for substanceRead MoreSexual Education Should Be Taught At All And Out Of The Home2589 Words   |  11 Pageseducation programs, citizens of the U.S. have overlooked a deeper underlying issue – and that is, at what stage in adolescence is it necessary and most beneficial for this complicated, life-long learning process to begin? Also due in part to the slow progress these programs have made over time, some parents have even neglected to touch upon the issue entirely. What’s more, these continued failures to be proactive have led to the misuse of some of society’s most prominent resources. Non-â€Å"abstinence-only-until-marriage†Read MoreSexual Education Should Be Taught At All, Schools, And Children As Early As Elementary School2610 Words   |  11 Pageseducation programs, citizens of the U.S. have overlooked a deeper underlying issue – and that is, at what stage in adolescence is it necessary and most beneficial for this complicated, life-long learning process to begin? Also due in part to the slow progress these programs have made over time, some parents have even neglected to touch upon the issue entirely. What’s more, these continued failures to be proactive have led to the misuse of some of society’s most prominent resources. Non-â€Å"abstinence-only-until-marriage†Read MoreThe Importance of Sex Educations in Schools Essay2285 Words   |  10 Pagessexual behaviors and habits. Comprehensive/realistic sex education has a monumental effect on today’s youth, resulting in a rabid drop in teen pregnancies, teen abortion r ates, and sexually transmitted infections between teens. Unlike abstinence until marriage programs that have not been shown to help teens delay the initiation of sex or to protect themselves when they do decide to participate in sexual encounters or activities. Yet, the U.S. government supports abstinence until programs withinRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagessolved. Nearly all teenage pregnancies are unplanned. Teen mothers are nearly twice as likely to forgo prenatal care in the first trimester. This sets up complications along with health problems, costs, responsible fatherhood, education, and risky behavior. Babies are having babies before they’re even fully developed themselves; the environment, and media along with other things are all factors that determine why and how teens are getting pregnant. Teen pregnancy is the result of many environmentalRead MoreThe Drug Addiction Epidemic Of America Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesaffirm the frightening statistics in regards to meth, which is the most highly abused drug in the world. Methamphetamine addiction, distribution, and the overwhelming issues it creates for the courts will be examined. Additionally, the detrimental effect it has on the family and the community at large will be explored. Economy in Crisis says the US is facing economic disaster on a scale few nations have ever experienced †¦ we no longer produce what we need to sustain ourselves (Heffner, 2014). WithRead MoreCost Effectiveness Of Daily Oral Prep For Msm1401 Words   |  6 Pagesadded to this literature with a study of the cost-effectiveness of daily oral PrEP for MSM. Using a detailed economic analysis combined with the dynamic progression and transmission of HIV/AIDS model, the researchers assessed PrEP cost-effectiveness (based on clinical trials showing a 44 percent reduction in infection) in the general MSM population, and among high-risk MSM. The results indicate that initiating PrEP in 20 percent of U.S. MSM over 20 years would yield a 13 percent reduction in new infectionsRead MorePrevalence And Risk Of Hepatitis C1624 Words   |  7 Pagesdon’t â€Å"feel sick.† Early risk assessment provides an opportunity for intervention that is critical in determining outcomes for hi gh-risk populations (CDC, 2011). The segment of the population that abuses substances is more at risk for HCV infection. Even more at risk for HCV infection are the intravenous drug users (IDU). This population could have better testing and treatment outcomes if users or previous users seek diagnosis and treatment earlier. Other high-risk groups are those who also haveRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Adolescents And Youth3137 Words   |  13 PagesSubstance abuse among adolescents and youth has been a concerning issue for society for a long time. Abusing substances at an early age can alter brain functioning in areas essential for motivation, memory, learning, judgment, and behavior control. Therefore, it should not be of surprise that teens abusing alcohol and other drugs often have family and social problems, poor academic performance, health-related problems, mental health problems, and involvement with the juvenile justice system (Fowler

William Shakespeare s Hamlet - 1333 Words

A Man of Action versus A Man of a Thought Honore de Balzac once said â€Å"Most people of action are inclined to fatalism and most of thought believe in providence.† Men of fatalism believe they are powerless to do anything other than what they believe they are destined to do. These men are more likely to make rash decisions and leave the rest to fate. On the other hand, men of Providence believe in the guidance of God or nature when making important decisions rather than the guidance of man. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, he portrays his characters as having both types of qualities. Characters like Claudius, Laertes and Hamlet represent the action of men and how audacious they behave. On the other hand, Shakespeare also uses Hamlet†¦show more content†¦Laertes also shows that he is a man of action who believes in fatalism when he is persistent on finding his father’smurderer. â€Å"That both the worlds I give to negligence, /Let come what comes; only I ll be revenged / Most thorough ly for my father† (4.5.131-133).He shows that he is ready to avenge his father’s death no matter what it takes, even going as far as taking his anger out on the King. Finally,Claudius and Laertes, using their belief in fatalism devise a plan to kill Hamlet.The king suggests that they convince Hamlet into entering a duel with Laertes.Laertes adds to the plan by offering to use a poisoned uncapped sword so that even if he only managed to scratch Hamlet, it would still kill him. Claudius also further develops the plan when he comes up with a backup plan of offering Hamlet a cup of poisoned wine if he wins the duel against Laertes, â€Å"And that he calls for a drink, I’ll have prepared him/ A chalice for the nonce; whereon but sipping, / if he by chance escape your venom’d stuck,† (4.7.160-163). Therefore, Claudius and Laertes show that the belief in fatalism results in negative consequences. Contrastingly, Hamlet has a belief in only providence. He does not progress in any of the plans he devises. When he is a man of thought, he over analyzes situations and lets opportunities pass him by. To

Media Course work The Times and The Daily Star’s Coverage of the Ian Huntley Conviction Free Essays

For my Media coursework I have chosen to study and compare The Times and The Daily Star. I purchased these papers on Thursday December 18th 2003. The story is covered on both front pages and then continues into the inside. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Course work: The Times and The Daily Star’s Coverage of the Ian Huntley Conviction or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is about Ian Huntley being found guilty of murdering Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells. Both newspapers have articles on how the parents felt, what happened in the trial and how the people of Soham feel. The Times is a broadsheet newspaper and is aimed at social groups A, B and C1. These social groups include Lawyers, doctors, accountants, teachers, nurses, police officers, clerical workers and people in other skilled jobs. The Times has a more extensive coverage and longer articles than the Daily Star. The Daily Star aims at social groups C2, D and E. these are plumbers, mechanics, lorry drivers, postal workers, the unemployed and casual workers. It has a bolder layout and the articles are shorter than the Times. In the Daily Star it calls Ian Huntley † Evil child sex fiend†, â€Å"sex beast† and â€Å"killer is caged at last†. This shows open disgust about Ian Huntley and they are comparing his actions to that of a monster. The Daily Star reports on gossip, sex and what the celebrities are up to. The paper does not have a fixed political view and this comes across in the paper. The Times on the other hand is centrist and tries to be neutral and does not have a political side. It calls Ian Huntley â€Å"Huntley† instead of using vocabulary such as monster. On the front cover of the Daily Star it has a photograph of Maxine Carr kissing a seventeen-year-old boy the same night the girls were murdered. This is a human-interest story and is vaguely linked to the trial that found Ian Huntley guilty. The picture takes up nearly the whole of the first page and aims at grabbing the readers’ attention, as it is shocking to cheat on your partner in public. The idea behind this it that 100% of readers read the headline and see the photograph so if the paper can hold the readers’ attention then the paper might be purchased. In contrast The Times although it has a large colour photograph on the front there is still quite a bit of text surrounding it. The photograph is a picture of Ian Huntley that has been enlarged greatly to allow you to look into his eyes. The Times aims to make the front page instantly recognizable as that particular newspaper. The Times’ headline â€Å"No Mercy, No Regret† is taken from a speech made by the judge to summarise the trial. It is a restrained headline and is more serious than the Daily Star’s that is â€Å"Kiss Of Death†. The editor uses the headline â€Å"Kiss of death† as it is far more dramatic and has a more ‘down market’ approach to the main story that happened that day. † Kiss of Death† is more dramatic and provokes shock and disgust among the readership. The Times’ headline is using someone else’s opinion on Ian Huntley and is not as emotive as the Daily Star’s headline. The Times uses only four photographs on the story where as the Daily Star uses nineteen photographs. This is because broadsheet newspapers like The Times are more serious, plainer and have a more restrained layout than tabloid newspapers like the Daily Star, which try to have a bolder layout. By having more photographs the Daily Star can capture the readers attention and make it visually exciting. The Times has additional coverage of the story so photographs are not so vital as it is all explained in the text. The Daily Star has pictures of the evidence and of Huntley’s bedroom. This shows the reader how Ian Huntley tried to hide the evidence and what he was doing in police custody. The Times has pictures of floral tributes and just a few of Ian Huntley, Maxine Carr and the family. The Times has a menu on the first page this is called a â€Å"puff† or â€Å"blurb†. It advertises the content in the paper that might interest the reader. The Daily Star has a small puff but unlike the Times it does not summarise the content of the articles. The Daily Star uses quotations, for example; â€Å"Jess’s Dad: I want Huntley in coffin†. This is dramatic and would appeal to the readers of the Daily Star who are after human feeling and not the facts of the trial. The Times has article involving â€Å"New money-laundering regulations† and â€Å"More awards for The Times†. So the articles inside are about political and financial matters. The Daily Star uses a fair amount of bold type for example on page two under the heading of â€Å"Huntley killed girls in frustrated frenzy† that whole article is in bold type. In the article it uses language that will turn the reader into hating Ian Huntley. Here are some examples of this in the same article, † they rejected his twisted advances† and â€Å"Ian Huntley murdered Holly and Jessica out of sexual frustration†. The Times describes Ian Huntley as † a violent sexual predator†. The Times only uses bold type on headlines, sub-heads and for the journalist’s names. Both papers use Journalese register. In The Times it uses words like â€Å"blunders† and â€Å"booming voice of justice†. The Daily Star use it more frequently like â€Å"fiend† â€Å"cops† and â€Å"frenzy† The Daily Star uses â€Å"blunders† just like The Times. These examples help the audience to understand the article more easily, because it is familiar language. The Times uses Journalese register that has a stronger degree of formality but it still uses words like â€Å"blunder† to exaggerate the story. The Daily Star uses repetition and alliteration quite often. For example â€Å"Frustrated Frenzy† and it has a rectangle with â€Å"justice† written in it along with a photograph of the two girls the day they went missing. The Times uses only a bit of repetition and that is in the main headline â€Å"No Mercy, No Regret†. This is probably because the editor of The Times does not feel that the readership of it’s paper needs to be told something twice as they have had a better education than the readers of The Daily Star. The Times demands a reading age six years older than the Daily Star. The Times uses a more sophisticated range of vocabulary for example â€Å"persistent cruelty†, â€Å"undisguised loathing†, â€Å"demonstrate some slither of humanity† and â€Å"allegations†. This offers more description to the reader and makes the article more intriguing. The Daily Star uses vocabulary like â€Å"groped†, â€Å"ruled out† and â€Å"Monsters Lair† this makes a powerful impression on the reader and facts are often exaggerated from the truth to sell papers. The Daily Star uses lots more quotations that involve peoples opinions for example † Our girls were in the wrong place at the wrong time. I don’t think there is anymore to be said about him† this is an extract from what the parents of the girls said to the press. The Times uses Experts views on the trial and that is mainly the judge. For example â€Å"it was not just for those two families you have sought to destroy, your crimes are those for which the community suffer†. The Times gives an unbiased view but cleverly uses quotations that show what the paper thinks on the matter it is addressing. The Daily Star has a paragraph devoted to what the paper itself thinks on the verdict. The Times ends the article about the parents of the murdered school girls, Holly and Jessica, by using a final quotation, † Mr. Wells said that his family would now be going on holiday. † We are going to take a short holiday break and gather our thoughts and focus on our son.† Using this quotation here concludes the report by looking to the future and helps link the reader more closely to the story. The Daily Star uses single-sentenced paragraphs, which are highly characteristic for tabloid papers, simplify the argument and allow the reader to follow it with ease. For example â€Å"He used to live with a girl of 15- and fathered her child†. The Times on the other hand uses complex sentences in comparison. For example, â€Å"But in searching the Police National Computer, Cambridgeshire police looked only for information about an Ian Nixon. Cambridgeshire also made inquiries with their counterparts in Humberside, but admit that they â€Å"probably† asked only two names.† The Times puts probably in inverted commas to show that this is somebody else’s term, and the journalist does not necessarily approve. Both newspapers convey as much information as they possibly can in the first paragraph. This is because it is estimated that around 70% of readers may read until the end of the first paragraph. Here is an example from the front page of The Times, â€Å"Ian Huntley is today revealed as a violent sexual predator who should never have been given the job that brought him into contact with Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells.† This first paragraph tells the reader who is involved and what happened. In the Daily Star ‘And’ is a sentence conjunction and it is frequently used as paragraph connectives. Here is an example, † And as he was led t o the cells the full horror of his perverted life was revealed for the first time.† I conclude that although there are many differences between The Times and The daily Star, The Times are moving towards including some of the tabloid papers features as it has more human-interest stories in it than ever before. The Times still has a plainer and more restrained layout than the Daily Star that uses colour and photographs to make it visually exciting and hold the readers attention. The editors of both papers try to cram as much information into the first paragraph and headline and few readers carry on reading until the end of the article. The Daily Star uses shorter paragraphs and lengths of articles to hold onto the reader’s attention and to make it simple enough for the reader to understand. The Times gives a neutral approach to what is an emotive story that most people have very strong feeling about. How to cite Media Course work: The Times and The Daily Star’s Coverage of the Ian Huntley Conviction, Essays

Ancient Civilization free essay sample

A brief history of the ancient civilizations of the Near East, India and China. This paper presents a brief overview of ancient Egyptian culture, including a look at the role of the Pharoah and the writing system developed at that time. The development of ancient Indian culture over 3,500 years is outlined, and a discussion of ancient Chinese culture discussed, including the influence of Confucius on Chinese society. The civilizations of the Near East, especially that of Egypt, has captured reasonable attention of the scholars. The Egyptian civilization is considered as a mystery as the scholars are still making new discoveries about the religion, the colossal architecture of the region and the educational developments of that time. The Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, the Upper Egypt (also known as the Nile Valley) and the Lower Egypt (Nile Delta) However, Egypt was unified in 3000 B.C., when Menes established his kingdom and developed Memphis as his capital. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Civilization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At this time, the central power was in the hands of the king and he was considered as the only individual who had direct contact with God. According to Egyptians beliefs, their king was divine and was even considered superior to the priests. The economic affairs of the whole kingdom were in the hands of the king and he was the owner of the state. Under the King, there was a well-established hierarchy of Royal family members, officials, governors and mayors. The rest of the community consisted of slaves, peasants and artisans.